Table 3. SSDP results of four-strain-mixture with different concentrations of L-histidine

Sample name	Strain	Histidine concentration	Initial	Stomach		Duodenum
			log CFU/mL	log CFU/mL	Survival (%)	log CFU/mL	Survival (%)
Mix FD	4 strains mixture	None	9.48±0.10	8.84±0.13	23.37	8.14±0.04	4.57
Mix 1		0.01M	9.44±0.11	9.21±0.08	57.00	8.86±0.04	25.21***
Mix 2		0.02M	9.50±0.12	9.35±0.09	70.56	9.01±0.06	31.48***
Mix 3		0.03M	9.42±0.11	9.28±0.14	73.46	9.00±0.12	38.71***
Mix 4		0.04M	9.58±0.06	9.30±0.19	55.94	8.93±0.04	22.43***
Mix 5		0.05M	9.45±0.05	9.23±0.18	63.34	8.96±0.05	32.20***

The data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by student’s t-test compared to freeze-dried (FD) sample.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.